The wildlife authorities and conservation bodies in the Virungas and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, tasked with the protection and sustainable conservation of wildlife, have established clear rules and regulations for gorilla trekking. These guidelines have been instrumental in ensuring the survival and growth of mountain gorilla populations while allowing tourists the rare opportunity to observe them in their natural environment.

Without gorilla tourism, mountain gorillas might have faced extinction, becoming a mere chapter in Darwin’s history of evolution. However, due to the strict implementation of these regulations and the revenue generated from tourists, the mountain gorilla population has now reached approximately 1,070 individuals in the wild.

If you’re planning a gorilla trekking safari, familiarizing yourself with these rules and regulations will not only ensure that you adhere to conservation laws but will also enhance your overall gorilla trekking experience.

Pre-Trekking Guidelines

Before departing on your gorilla trekking adventure, it’s important to understand the essential guidelines established by the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) and conservation bodies. A maximum of 8 visitors is allowed to trek a single group of habituated mountain gorillas in a day. This restriction is crucial for minimizing disturbances to the gorillas’ natural behavior and reducing the risk of exposing them to human-borne diseases.

If you show symptoms of a cold or any other infectious illness, you will not be permitted to participate in the trek. This precaution helps protect the health of the gorillas, as they are highly susceptible to human diseases. Additionally, only individuals above the age of 15, who possess a valid gorilla trekking permit, are allowed to trek the gorillas.

Briefing and Health Precautions

Before the trek begins, a lead guide at the trailhead will brief you on the rules and regulations of gorilla trekking. This briefing also includes measures for preventing the spread of COVID-19, which are an integral part of the trekking procedure. Informational materials (IEC) will be displayed at the trailhead to enhance understanding of the rules.

Tourists are required to sanitize their hands, wear a face mask, and observe social distancing before, during, and after the briefing. These measures are in place to ensure the safety of both visitors and gorillas. You are advised to carry light equipment to reduce the need for porters, as limiting contact minimizes the risk of spreading infections.

Trekking Through the Jungle

While trekking through the forest, it’s important to keep your voice low at all times. This helps to maintain the tranquility of the forest and avoid startling the wildlife. Listen carefully to the guide’s instructions and enjoy the rich biodiversity that Bwindi offers. You’ll encounter various bird species, plants, and possibly other wildlife along the way.

Due to the potential side effects of wearing masks for prolonged periods in high-altitude areas, visitors are allowed to take regular breaks during the trek. During these breaks, social distancing will be strictly enforced to ensure everyone’s safety.

Encountering the Gorillas

Once the rangers locate the gorilla family, you’ll be notified in advance. Before approaching the gorillas, you will be asked to leave your backpack and other gadgets about 50 meters away to avoid causing unnecessary distractions. Only your camera or phone may be taken with you for the encounter. Approach calmly and quietly to fully enjoy this extraordinary wildlife experience.

When You Are with the Gorillas

Visitors must maintain a distance of at least 10 meters (32 feet) from the gorillas at all times. While the gorillas may not always respect this distance, tourists should make every effort to avoid contact. The further you stay back, the more relaxed the gorilla group will be.

Before approaching the gorillas, you will be instructed to wear your facemask and keep it on for the duration of the visit. Be sure to carry two facemasks, as you’ll need to put on a fresh one at this point. This is crucial for minimizing the risk of transmitting diseases to the gorillas.

Throughout your time with the gorillas, it’s important to keep your voice low. You may still ask the guide questions and follow their instructions, but do so quietly to avoid disturbing the animals.

Avoid smoking, drinking, or eating when near the gorillas. These activities increase the risk of food particles or droplets falling, which could potentially transmit diseases to the gorillas.

In rare cases, gorillas may charge. If this happens, follow your guide’s lead—slowly crouch down, avoid making direct eye contact with the agitated gorilla, and remain still until the animal passes. Do not run, as this may provoke the gorilla further and increase the chance of an attack.

Flash photography is strictly prohibited. When taking pictures, move slowly and carefully to avoid startling the gorillas.

Do not attempt to touch the gorillas. They are wild animals and may react unpredictably to human contact or unfamiliar objects like cameras. It’s important to respect their space and avoid any form of physical interaction.

You are allowed to spend a maximum of one hour with the gorillas. However, if the animals become nervous or agitated, the guide may choose to end the visit early for your safety and the well-being of the gorillas.

After the visit, continue to keep your voice down until you are at least 300 meters away from the gorillas to ensure a peaceful departure from their habitat.

General Health Guidelines for Gorilla Trekking

Mountain gorillas are highly vulnerable to human diseases, making it crucial for visitors to adhere to specific health guidelines. These rules are designed to minimize the risk your visit may pose to the gorillas, ensuring both your safety and theirs.

Health and Safety Procedures at the Briefing
Before beginning the trek, all visitors and staff must undergo health checks. This includes washing or sanitizing hands and having their body temperature taken at the briefing points. All participants—visitors, staff, and trackers—are required to wear masks to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Additionally, before gorilla tracking begins, everyone in the group must sanitize their hands again to further safeguard the gorillas.

Due to the potential discomfort associated with wearing masks for long periods, especially at high altitudes, frequent breaks will be provided during the trek. These breaks allow visitors to remove their masks and breathe fresh air, but social distancing must be strictly observed during these pauses.

Group Size and Social Distancing
To minimize the risk of disease transmission and reduce stress on the gorillas, strict limits are placed on the number of visitors allowed to interact with them each day. Briefing and debriefing sessions are conducted in small groups of no more than eight tourists after being assigned to specific gorilla families. During the trek, Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) guides will enforce social distancing, aiming for a minimum distance of 2 meters between tourists whenever possible.

Illness and Health Conditions
If you are feeling unwell or have any contagious illness, it is important to remain at your accommodation. Whether you have symptoms of a cold, flu, or gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, stomach upsets, or malaria, your safari manager can arrange an alternative visit or process a refund for you. Tourists, staff, and porters who display any signs of illness during the briefing will not be allowed to participate in the trek.

Coughing or Sneezing Near Gorillas
In the event you feel the need to cough or sneeze while near the gorillas, it is essential to turn your head away and cover your nose and mouth. This helps minimize the spread of any bacteria or viruses that could endanger the health of the gorillas.

Maintaining Distance and Cleanliness
It is imperative to maintain a distance of at least 10 meters (32 feet) from the gorillas at all times. This distance helps protect them from potential exposure to human diseases. Additionally, visitors must ensure that no rubbish, such as food wrappers, is left in the park. Foreign objects can introduce contaminants or diseases that may harm the environment or wildlife.

Toilet Facilities in the Forest
If you need to use the toilet while in the forest, notify your guide. They will dig a hole approximately 30 cm deep with their panga (machete). After you are finished, the hole should be filled in to maintain the cleanliness of the environment and prevent the spread of disease.

Emergency Health Protocols
In the event that a tourist or any member of the team experiences a health-related issue during the trek, UWA staff will follow established evacuation and first-aid procedures. This ensures that the affected individual is safely removed from the field and receives the necessary medical attention.

Where to See Gorillas in Uganda

Uganda is one of the top destinations for gorilla trekking, offering visitors a rare opportunity to observe mountain gorillas in their natural habitat. The primary places to see gorillas in Uganda are Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, both located in the southwestern part of the country.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to nearly half of the world’s remaining mountain gorillas. The park is divided into four gorilla trekking sectors: Buhoma, Ruhija, Rushaga, and Nkuringo. Each sector has several habituated gorilla families that tourists can visit. Trekking in Bwindi provides a chance to explore the dense forest, which is also rich in biodiversity, including birds, butterflies, and other primates.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is part of the larger Virunga Conservation Area that spans Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The park is home to one habituated gorilla family, the Nyakagezi group. Mgahinga is also known for its striking scenery, with the backdrop of the Virunga Volcanoes offering a stunning environment for trekking. Visitors to Mgahinga can also enjoy golden monkey tracking and hiking to the volcanic peaks.

Both parks offer a unique experience, but Bwindi is the more popular of the two due to the higher number of habituated gorilla families. Gorilla trekking permits are required and can be booked in advance through the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA). The permits are limited to ensure sustainable tourism and protect the gorillas from human impact, making early booking essential.

Packing List for a Gorilla Trekking Safari

Preparing for a gorilla trekking safari requires careful consideration of what to bring, as the terrain can be challenging, and the weather in the jungle is often unpredictable. Here’s a detailed packing list to ensure you’re well-prepared for an enjoyable and safe experience:

1. Clothing Essentials

Light, Long-Sleeved Shirt and Trousers

• Purpose: Protects your skin from scratches, insect bites, and the stinging nettles found in the jungle.
• Recommendation: Opt for moisture-wicking and quick-drying fabrics, as the forest is humid, and it could rain.

Waterproof Hiking Boots

• Purpose: The terrain can be steep, muddy, and slippery. Sturdy, waterproof hiking boots with good grip will ensure stability and comfort during your trek.
• Recommendation: Make sure the boots are well broken-in before the trip to avoid blisters.

Gaiters or Long Socks

• Purpose: Protects your ankles and lower legs from mud, dirt, and insects.
• Recommendation: Tuck your trousers into your socks or use gaiters to prevent insects or debris from entering your boots.

Light Rain Jacket or Poncho

• Purpose: The rainforest weather can change rapidly, and sudden downpours are common.
• Recommendation: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho will keep you dry without adding much weight to your pack.

Warm Layer

• Purpose: The mornings and evenings can be cold, especially at higher altitudes.
• Recommendation: Bring a warm fleece or lightweight thermal layer.

Hat with a Wide Brim

• Purpose: Provides protection from the sun and rain.
• Recommendation: Choose a hat with a chin strap to prevent it from blowing off in the wind.

Gardening or Hiking Gloves

• Purpose: Protects your hands from rough terrain, prickly plants, and branches as you trek through the jungle.
• Recommendation: Choose gloves with good grip.

2. Health and Hygiene Items

Hand Sanitizer

• Purpose: Essential for maintaining hygiene in areas where handwashing may not be possible.
• Recommendation: Bring a small bottle that fits easily in your daypack.

Facemasks (at least 2)

• Purpose: Required to reduce the risk of transmitting diseases to the gorillas.
• Recommendation: Bring a fresh mask to wear before approaching the gorillas and an extra for emergencies.

Sunscreen

• Purpose: Protects your skin from UV rays, especially during the trek in exposed areas.
• Recommendation: Choose high-SPF, water-resistant sunscreen.

Insect Repellent

• Purpose: Prevents bites from mosquitoes and other insects found in the forest.
• Recommendation: Choose a repellent with DEET or a natural alternative.

Personal First Aid Kit

• Purpose: For treating minor injuries, blisters, or insect bites.
• Recommendation: Include adhesive bandages, antiseptic cream, blister pads, and any personal medications.

3. Trekking Gear

Daypack with Rain Cover

• Purpose: Carries your essential items during the trek while keeping them dry.
• Recommendation: Choose a lightweight daypack with comfortable straps and sufficient space for water, snacks, and personal items.

Reusable Water Bottle or Hydration System

• Purpose: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially in the humid jungle.
• Recommendation: A reusable water bottle or hydration pack will keep you hydrated without adding to the plastic waste.

Snacks or Energy Bars

• Purpose: Provides an energy boost during the physically demanding trek.
• Recommendation: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks like trail mix or protein bars.

Trekking Poles

• Purpose: Helps with balance and stability on steep or uneven terrain.
• Recommendation: Adjustable poles are ideal for easy packing and use on different terrains.

Binoculars

• Purpose: Enhances your ability to spot birds, primates, and other wildlife along the way.
• Recommendation: Choose compact, lightweight binoculars.

4. Camera Gear

Camera and Extra Batteries

• Purpose: Captures the incredible moments with the gorillas and the breathtaking scenery.
• Recommendation: Bring extra batteries or a portable charger, as the trek can last several hours.

Memory Cards

• Purpose: Ensures you have enough storage for all your photos and videos.
• Recommendation: Carry multiple memory cards to avoid running out of space during the trek.

Dry Bag or Waterproof Case

• Purpose: Protects your camera and electronics from rain and humidity.
• Recommendation: A dry bag or waterproof case is essential for keeping your gear safe and dry.

5. Other Essentials

Gorilla Trekking Permit

• Purpose: Required for participation in the trek.
• Recommendation: Ensure you have your permit with you, as it is mandatory for gorilla trekking.

Travel Insurance

• Purpose: Covers potential medical emergencies or evacuation during the trek.
• Recommendation: Ensure your travel insurance includes coverage for trekking at high altitudes.

Cash (Local Currency)

• Purpose: Useful for tipping guides, trackers, or purchasing souvenirs.
• Recommendation: Carry cash in small denominations for easier transactions.

Optional but Useful Items:

• Lightweight Scarf or Buff: Provides additional warmth or sun protection.
• Portable Charger/Power Bank: Keeps your devices charged during long days.
• Notebook and Pen: For journaling or noting interesting wildlife sightings.
• Sunglasses: Protects your eyes from the sun during exposed parts of the trek.

How many people see Gorilla Family per day in Uganda?

If you’re curious about how many people can track a gorilla family, the answer is that only eight (8) visitors per day are allowed to track a specific gorilla family in each of the countries where gorilla trekking is permitted. This limit applies to Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga National Park, Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park, and the Virunga National Park and Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The restriction to eight visitors per group helps minimize disturbance to the gorillas and reduces their exposure to human-borne diseases. This ensures that the animals remain safe and relaxed in their natural habitat, while also providing visitors with an intimate, low-impact wildlife experience. Additionally, this small group size allows for better management of the gorilla trekking experience, making it easier for guides to provide clear instructions and maintain conservation rules throughout the trek.

At what time does Gorilla Trekking Start?

Gorilla trekking typically starts early in the morning, around 8:30 AM with a morning local dances. Visitors are expected to arrive at the park headquarters by 7:30 AM for a briefing from the park rangers. During the briefing, trekkers are informed about the rules and guidelines for gorilla trekking to ensure both the safety of the gorillas and the visitors.

After the briefing, which lasts around 30 minutes, the trekking begins at approximately 8:30 AM. The trek can last anywhere from a few hours to a full day, depending on the location of the gorilla family being tracked and the terrain.